Digestive System A&P Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which pancreatic enzyme digests triglycerides and what cofactor is required for optimal function?
• Which substance produced by the liver breaks up fat particles?
• Rugae are structural features of which organ?
• Which enzyme initiates protein digestion in the stomach?
• Produce an acidic mucus in the stomach?
• Which term is correctly matched with the description 'folds of the stomach enabling distension'?
• What is the process of taking in food called?
• Which cells in the stomach produce acidic mucus that protects the stomach lining?
• What is the primary mechanism of water absorption in the large bowel?
• Which pancreatic enzyme digests triglycerides and what cofactor is required for optimal function?
• Which pancreatic hormone raises blood sugar?
• Which structural feature of the stomach increases its capacity by distending?
• The stomach’s ability to expand is due to:
• How do the mucosa of the stomach differ from that of the small intestine in terms of secretion and absorption?
• The first part of the large intestine where the appendix is attached is called the what?
• Which liver cell stores vitamin A and can contribute to fibrosis when activated?
• Which term describes the physical breakdown of foods such as chewing and mixing?
• Which two layers comprise the peritoneum and contribute to mesenteries that suspend intraperitoneal organs?
• Which components comprise the enteric nervous system that regulate GI motility and secretion?
• What is the process of passing undigested material out of the anus called?
• The muscular tube joining the mouth to the stomach is the?
• Which cells secrete pepsinogen in the stomach?
• Outer layer of the alimentary canal; secretes a watery fluid to reduce friction?
• What is the functional unit of the liver?
• The mass of food produced by chewing is called:
• Which substance emulsifies fats during digestion?
• Which region of the large intestine contains the taeniae coli and haustra?
• Which organ produces bile acids?
• What does GALT stand for and what is its role in the GI tract?
• Brunner's glands are located in the duodenum. In which part and layer are they primarily found?
• A milk protein-digesting enzyme found in babies but not adults?
• What describes involuntary waves of muscle contraction that move food in one direction through the digestive system?
• What are Peyer's patches?
• Which layer lies superficial to the mucosa and contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves?
• Which artery supplies foregut derivatives and from which trunk does it branch?
• What is the primary function of the large intestine?
• Which cells secrete pepsinogen, the inactive form of pepsin, in the stomach?
• Which term best fits the enzymatic breakdown of foods into smaller molecules?
• Brush-border enzymes are located on the microvilli of absorptive cells in which part of the GI tract?
• What is the primary function of the rugae in the stomach?
• Which organ produces insulin and glucagon, enzymes, and sodium bicarbonate?
• Which organ is responsible for producing bile?
• Which layer houses Meissner's plexus and what is its primary function?
• Which cells produce hydrochloric acid that kills bacteria and activates pepsinogen?
• Which enzyme in saliva begins lipid digestion, particularly in infants?
• Which vessels form the hepatic portal vein and what is its function?
• In enterohepatic circulation, where are bile acids reabsorbed?
• Which organ is primarily involved in absorbing water from indigestible material?
• Which enzyme initiates carbohydrate digestion in the mouth, and what is its substrate?
• Which substance emulsifies fats and where is it produced?
• Which arterial trunk primarily supplies the foregut and what are its major branches?
• What nervous system controls most GI tract reflexes inherently?
• Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, and what stimulates them?
• Which serous membrane lines the abdominal cavity?
• What connective tissues anchor organs to the body wall and provide a pathway for nerves and blood vessels?
• Which enzyme in the mouth initiates carbohydrate digestion?
• Which cells secrete an alkaline mucus to protect the lining of the small intestine from stomach acid?
• Which nutrient is synthesized by gut microbiota and contributes to normal coagulation?
• Which pancreatic zymogen is activated to its active form by the brush-border enzyme enteropeptidase (enterokinase) to help digestion?
• Which essential nutrient requiring intrinsic factor is absorbed in the terminal ileum?
• Which component protects the stomach mucosa from acid and digestive enzymes?
• What is the primary role of the hepatic portal vein?
• Which organ produces pancreatic proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidases?
• Which organ produces bile and stores glycogen?
• The folds in the stomach mucosa are called:
• Where is most of the digestion of proteins completed and which enzymes are involved?
• Which transporter mediates the basolateral exit of glucose from enterocytes into the bloodstream?
• Which segment of the small intestine is responsible for absorption of bile acids and B12 with intrinsic factor?
• Which process in the small intestine is responsible for rhythmic mixing of chyme with enzymes?
• Which layer is a bilayer of smooth muscle which consists of a layer running circularly and another running longitudinally?
• What is the muscular opening at the end of the rectum?
• Which structure is the site of mechanical digestion and the start of carbohydrate digestion?
• Which organ receives nutrient-rich blood via the hepatic portal vein for processing?
• Besides water absorption, what is an important function of the large intestine?
• Which flap of cartilage covers the trachea during swallowing?
• Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?
• Hormone secreted by stomach cells that signals glands in stomach to release gastric juice?
• Which features maximize surface area for absorption in the small intestine?
• What process allows dietary fats to enter the lymphatic system from intestinal enterocytes?
• The organ in which most chemical digestion occurs is the?
• In intestinal villi, lacteals absorb long-chain fatty acids as chylomicrons into which system?
• Acidic, semiliquid mass of partially digested food and gastric juice?
• Which hormone increases pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and inhibits gastric motility?
• Through which duct do pancreatic enzymes enter the duodenum, and which cells secrete bicarbonate to neutralize chyme?
• Which organ stores and concentrates bile produced in the liver?
• Which term describes the release of secretions into the digestive tract?
• Which portion of the small intestine is primarily involved in immune function with lymphatic tissue along its length?
• What is the role of mucous cells in the stomach and the mucus layer there?
• Which layer houses Auerbach's (myenteric) plexus and what is its primary function?
• The lower part of the large intestine where feces are stored is called what?
• Brunner's glands secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize acid chyme in the duodenum. In which layer of the duodenum are Brunner's glands primarily located?
• What are projections inside the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients?
• Which structure is the muscular organ that assists with chewing and swallowing?
• Which hormone primarily stimulates gastric acid secretion by the stomach, acting on parietal cells?
• Which pancreatic hormone raises blood glucose levels?
• Enzyme that begins the breakdown of proteins in the stomach?
• Where is enteropeptidase located and what is its function?
• Which best describes the role of bile acids in digestion and how they are recycled?
• Which statement is true?
• Which cells secrete mucus to protect the intestinal lining?
• Which sphincter separates the small and large intestine?
• Which muscular organ is involved in chewing, swallowing, and taste?
• Which statement accurately contrasts serosa and adventitia in GI tract walls?
• In intestinal villi, capillaries absorb sugars and amino acids into which bloodstream?
• Clusters of lymphatic tissue found in the pharynx are called what?
• Which term refers to the sacs in the large intestine that permit expansion?
• Which portion of the small intestine is the second and where most chemical digestion is completed?
• Which structure acts as a valve between the esophagus and stomach to prevent reflux?
• Which organ produces digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate for digestion?
• What is the innermost layer of the digestive tract?
• From which major vessel does the celiac trunk arise?
• The folds in the stomach lining that enable expansion are called:
• What is the lipid-transporting particle formed by enterocytes that enters the lymphatic system?
• Which pairing is correct?
• What substance contains mucus, enzymes, and water and moistens food?
• What is the name of the sphincter that prevents gastric reflux into the esophagus?
• Which structure is the muscular ring that regulates emptying of the stomach into the small intestine?
• Which pancreatic hormone lowers blood sugar?
• The throat where food and air mix is called?
• What is the act of swallowing called?
• In which organ does the majority of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption take place?
• Which transporter primarily mediates glucose uptake across the apical membrane of enterocytes?
• Which layer lies between the mucosa and the muscularis externa?
• Which structure marks the boundary between the ileum and the cecum?
• The term bolus refers to which of the following?
• Which term describes the folds of the stomach that allow expansion?
• Which structure marks the foregut-midgut transition during development, particularly around the duodenum?
• Which hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric juice from the stomach glands?
• Which structures comprise the portal triad within the liver?
• What term describes the movement of food from one organ to the next?
• Which process uses enzymes and other chemicals to break foods into smaller building blocks?
• Which accessory organ stores and concentrates bile, releasing it into the duodenum via the common bile duct when fatty foods are present?
• Elimination of fecal waste through the anus is called what?
• The first portion of the small intestine which receives secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas is the?
• What is the soft part of the back of the roof of the mouth that closes off nasal cavities during swallowing?
• Which organ stores glycogen?
• Which process moves nutrients from the digestive tract into the bloodstream?
• Which region of the small intestine primarily digests chemical substances?
• What organ absorbs water from undigested material?
• What activates pepsinogen to pepsin?
• Which region of the small intestine is the major site of nutrient absorption?
• What is the role of brush border enzymes in the small intestine?
• Which portion of the small intestine has the greatest absorptive surface area due to villi and microvilli?
• Which duct connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct?
• Which condition leads to impaired fat absorption?
• Chronic acid reflux causing esophageal mucosal damage with heartburn as a classic symptom describes which condition?
• Which statement accurately describes the major duodenal papilla's role?
• What is the muscular opening between the esophagus and stomach?
• Which structure connects the mouth to the stomach via peristaltic movement?
• Which enzyme activates trypsinogen to trypsin in the small intestine?
• Which cells secrete the inactive enzyme pepsinogen in the stomach?
• Which cells of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
• A chewed up clump of food that is ready to be swallowed is called a:
• Which process involves nutrient molecules passing through the wall of the digestive system into the blood?
• What term describes the physical breakdown of foods?
• Which layer lacks a serosa in retroperitoneal segments?
• Which term would you use to name the chewed mass of food before digestion continues?
• Which region of the GI tract contains the highest density of goblet cells, and what is their function?
• Which substances amplify the acid secretion stimulated by gastrin in the stomach?
• The term for the stomach’s accordion-like lining that permits stretch is:
• Which structures are extensions of the plasma membrane that increase surface area?
• What is the term for producing a substance within an organ and discharging it?
• What is the term for the act of chewing?
• What enzyme in saliva begins the breakdown of carbohydrates?
• Which statement correctly describes the muscularis externa?
• Which of the following terms best describes the bolus?
• Which part of the small intestine is the last and longest portion where most absorption occurs?
• What is the primary site of absorption for most nutrients (carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids) in the GI tract?
• Pouches of the large intestine that allow expansion and elongation are known as what?
• Which region has stratified squamous epithelium and what is its primary function there?
• Which serous membrane covers the abdominal organs?
• What is the rhythmic mixing of chyme with digestive enzymes in the small intestine?
• What term describes the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus?
• A chewed up piece of food ready for swallowing is best described as:
• Which layer forms the outermost surface of the digestive tract and reduces friction with serous fluid?
• The large muscular sac where mechanical digestion continues and protein digestion begins is the?
• Which glands in the mouth secrete saliva?
• Which circular muscle controls the movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine?
• Which cells secrete pepsinogen and how is it activated?
• Which hormone primarily slows gastric emptying and stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction?